General properties of textile fibre
Considering the general properties of textile fiber we can mainly divide into two fairly loose properties,physical and chemical properties,Physical and chemical properties.
Physical properties
1. Length:One of the most important properties of textile fiber which determine their spinnability and commercial utility is their length.Length may vary from half inch to unlimited length.A spinner or buyer is very much concerned about the average length of fiber.Which is also called staple length. The fiber staple length more than 100 mm is long staple,50-100 is medium staple and less than 50mm is called short staple. Higher the staple length better the fiber quality.So fiber length is very important.
a) yarn strength: The strength of yarn is partly governed by the length of fiber.Longer the fiber finer the yarn,longer the fiber stronger the yarn and longer the fiber less the twist required.
b) Processing: All fiber can not be process in one type of spinning machine because spinning machine are designed on basis of fiber length.For this reason fiber length is important considering the type of spinning machine .
c) Appearance: Appearance of yarn is also depended on the length of fiber.Too short fiber will produce a hairy yarn whereas long fiber will produce a smooth surfaced yarn .Moreover for the same count of yarn production, short fiber produces thicker yarn than long fiber.
2.Fiber fineness: Fiber fineness is very important in determining the quality and commercial value of fiber.A short fiber is more valuable than a coarse long fiber.Generally fine fiber are long staple.For textile raw materiel in general,the transverse fiber dimension are of the most technical importance,not only in one but many contexts.
a) yarn strength: The strength of yarn is partly governed by the length of fiber.Longer the fiber finer the yarn,longer the fiber stronger the yarn and longer the fiber less the twist required.
b) Processing: All fiber can not be process in one type of spinning machine because spinning machine are designed on basis of fiber length.For this reason fiber length is important considering the type of spinning machine .
c) Appearance: Appearance of yarn is also depended on the length of fiber.Too short fiber will produce a hairy yarn whereas long fiber will produce a smooth surfaced yarn .Moreover for the same count of yarn production, short fiber produces thicker yarn than long fiber.
2.Fiber fineness: Fiber fineness is very important in determining the quality and commercial value of fiber.A short fiber is more valuable than a coarse long fiber.Generally fine fiber are long staple.For textile raw materiel in general,the transverse fiber dimension are of the most technical importance,not only in one but many contexts.
Cotton fiber
Polyester fiber
Polyester fiber
Polyester fibre is widely used synthetic fibre. Basic raw materials for
polyester fibre production are petroleum coal,air and water.From those
basic raw materials the glycol monomer dihydric alcohol and terephtalic
acid are produced .Which are polymerized into an autoclave at high
temperature and polyester chips are produced,which are melt spun.
Properties of polyester fiber
1.Length: Polyester fibre could be product in filament from or staple from i.e. as we desire fibre length is controllable.
2. Fineness: Fineness of polyester fibre is also controllable.
3.Strength: Normally tenacity varies from 4.5 to 5 gram per denier. In case of high tenacity fibre if may be up to 8 gram per denier.
4. Extensibility: Extension at break varies from 20% to 30%. Good recovery from extension.
5.Resiliency: Shows good Resiliency property.It does not crease easily and undue crease can be recovered easily.
6. Moisture regain: Very low moisture ranges from 0-0.4%. Due to moisture regain it feels worm.easily cleaned,soils less.
7.Action of bleaching agent: It is not damaged by the action of bleaching agent.
8.Action of acid and alkali: It is not unaffected by the action acid and alkali.
9. Biological properties: Resistance to attack of mildew,moths and insect are good.
10. Use: Polyester fibre is widely used for apparels both 100% from and blended from with cotton,Nylon,Wool,rayon,acetate etc. It is also used for making thermal underwear.
2. Fineness: Fineness of polyester fibre is also controllable.
3.Strength: Normally tenacity varies from 4.5 to 5 gram per denier. In case of high tenacity fibre if may be up to 8 gram per denier.
4. Extensibility: Extension at break varies from 20% to 30%. Good recovery from extension.
5.Resiliency: Shows good Resiliency property.It does not crease easily and undue crease can be recovered easily.
6. Moisture regain: Very low moisture ranges from 0-0.4%. Due to moisture regain it feels worm.easily cleaned,soils less.
7.Action of bleaching agent: It is not damaged by the action of bleaching agent.
8.Action of acid and alkali: It is not unaffected by the action acid and alkali.
9. Biological properties: Resistance to attack of mildew,moths and insect are good.
10. Use: Polyester fibre is widely used for apparels both 100% from and blended from with cotton,Nylon,Wool,rayon,acetate etc. It is also used for making thermal underwear.
Wool fire
Wool fiber
Wool is a protein fiber.It is extracted from sheep. There are various
types of wool. Marino is the best wool fiber because its length is
reasonable,fineness is good and in most case it has natural crimp.
Physical properties of wool fiber
1.Length:Length of wool fire is varies from depending on type of fiber and the interval length of time of collection.
2.Fineness: Normally longer the fiber coarser the fiber fineness varies 3~15 dtx that is coarser than cotton fiber.
3.Strength and extension: Wool is weak fiber,Its tenacity is 1 to 1.5 g/dtx but very high extension at break,which is 35%.
4. Elasticity: Wool is the best natural fiber in respect of good recovery from deformation.
2.Fineness: Normally longer the fiber coarser the fiber fineness varies 3~15 dtx that is coarser than cotton fiber.
3.Strength and extension: Wool is weak fiber,Its tenacity is 1 to 1.5 g/dtx but very high extension at break,which is 35%.
4. Elasticity: Wool is the best natural fiber in respect of good recovery from deformation.
Effect of chemical
1. Water: Moisture regain of wool is 19% and when wet strength reduce about 20%.
2. Alkali: Alkali degrades the wool fiber.Changes color and reduces strength. Treatment of wool fibre in 5% NaOH solution dissolves the fibre.
3. Acid:Wool is a safe in acid in carbonizing wool wool 5% sulfuric acid solution is used to remove vegetable and cellulose material.
4. Effect of biological agent: Attack by moth,wind, rain,and sunlight degrades the wool fibre.
2. Alkali: Alkali degrades the wool fiber.Changes color and reduces strength. Treatment of wool fibre in 5% NaOH solution dissolves the fibre.
3. Acid:Wool is a safe in acid in carbonizing wool wool 5% sulfuric acid solution is used to remove vegetable and cellulose material.
4. Effect of biological agent: Attack by moth,wind, rain,and sunlight degrades the wool fibre.
Use
Merino :Suiting ,Dress materials
Fine cross bread ;Blanked,Knitwear,Light wear outings.
Coarse cross bread:Blanket,tweed,carpet.
Carpet wool carpet, rags etc.
Fine cross bread ;Blanked,Knitwear,Light wear outings.
Coarse cross bread:Blanket,tweed,carpet.
Carpet wool carpet, rags etc.
Acrylic Fiber
Acrylic fiber
Acrylic fiber is popular synthetic fiber.It consists of at list 85% acrylonitrile units.It Is produce from hydrogen, cyanide,acetylene and petroleum etc material.
Physical properties of Acrylic fibre
1. Length: Length of acrylic fiber is controllable,that means may be filament form or staple form.
2. Fineness: Fineness of the acrylic fibre is controllable. The filament yarn are made 75 to 200 denier range while staple fibre are made 2 and 3 denier cut nto 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 inches length.
3.Strength and extension: Acrylic is fairly strong fibre.Its tenacity is 5 gram per denier in dry state and 4.8 gram per denier in wet state.Extension at break is 15% .Good recovery from deformation.
4.Elasticity: It has an elastic recovery o 85% after 4% extension when the load is extremely released.
2. Fineness: Fineness of the acrylic fibre is controllable. The filament yarn are made 75 to 200 denier range while staple fibre are made 2 and 3 denier cut nto 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 inches length.
3.Strength and extension: Acrylic is fairly strong fibre.Its tenacity is 5 gram per denier in dry state and 4.8 gram per denier in wet state.Extension at break is 15% .Good recovery from deformation.
4.Elasticity: It has an elastic recovery o 85% after 4% extension when the load is extremely released.
Effect of chemical
1. Acid: It has good resistance to mineral acid.
2. Alkali: The resistance to weak alkali is fairly good but hot strong alkali damages acrylic fiber.
3. Solvent: It has excellent resistance to common solvent,oils,greases and natural salts.
4. Water: Moisture regain of acrylic fiber varies from 1.5% to 3%.Easy to wash and quick drying.
5. Effect of heat and sunlight: Acrylic fiber has very good thermal stability. Safe ironing temperature is at 160 degree centigrade. At 230- 235 degree centigrade acrylic sticks with the iron that is melting occurs.High temperature may sometime causes yellowing of acrylic fibre.
6.Effect of biological agent:Acrylic fiber are unaffected by mildew,moulds,larves and insect
2. Alkali: The resistance to weak alkali is fairly good but hot strong alkali damages acrylic fiber.
3. Solvent: It has excellent resistance to common solvent,oils,greases and natural salts.
4. Water: Moisture regain of acrylic fiber varies from 1.5% to 3%.Easy to wash and quick drying.
5. Effect of heat and sunlight: Acrylic fiber has very good thermal stability. Safe ironing temperature is at 160 degree centigrade. At 230- 235 degree centigrade acrylic sticks with the iron that is melting occurs.High temperature may sometime causes yellowing of acrylic fibre.
6.Effect of biological agent:Acrylic fiber are unaffected by mildew,moulds,larves and insect
Use
Hundred
percent acrylic is used mainly in sweater,jersey knit out wear fabric
and blankets. It is used as a blend component with cotton ,viscose and
wool etc fibre.It has good warmth and recovery property.It is also used
for making carpet due to good resiliency property.