Function of chemical in fabrics
1.Enzyme:The action of enzyme during enzyme wash is hydrolysis the cellulose.At first is attacks the having projecting fibers and hydrolyzed the.Then in attacks the yarn portion inside fabric party hydrolyzed the yarn portion .As a result color comes out from the yarn portion and faded affect is product.
2.Detergent: Chemical character is fatty alcohol poly glycol ether in an aqueous,glycol solution.Detergent is widely applicable in the continuous and discontinuous pretreatment of all types of fiber and their blends.To remove impurities ,mineral,oil contamination and size from the garments.Scouring of goods for dyeing and printing fully white and color article
3.Acetic acid: Acetic acid is used to neutralize the garments from alkaline condition and to control the PH value in wash bath.
Anti stain: Anti stain is used to prevent the staining on weft yarn of the denim ( white yarn),white pockets of garments, levels,contacted fabrics of garments and increased the brightness of fabrics.It is also acts as anti creasing agent.
4.Sodium hypo-sulphite:Sodium hypo-sulphite is used to neutralize the garments from chlorine bleach.
5.Sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxide created the role in bleach technique with out color change the garments and has a good cleaning power.It is work as fading affect/old looking affect come rapidly on garments.
6.Sodium carbonate: Sodium carbonate creates alkaline medium for the breakdown of pigment dye. It help to uniform bleaching action on bleach bath.It has a cleaning and help color fading affect of garments.It is used also for color fixing in dye bath.
7.Sodium bicarbonate: Sodium bicarbonate is used in washing plant in the bleach bath with bleaching powder for denim light shade because easily color out with in shot time.As a result production increase and costing is low.
8.Potassium permanganate: Potassium permanganate is used in acid wash with punic stone for color out from the garments.It is used also spray chamber by nozzle for color out ( whitish affect) from the garments.
9.Flax softener: Softener is used to make the garments treated textile a surface feel that is both sickly and soft and also provide excellent lubricating properties.
10.Micro emulsion silicon: Amino silicon is a textile finishing agent consisting mainly of an amino modified silicon.When applied on fabrics,it gives durable softness, lubricity, elastic handle, antipilling, dimensional stability,tear resistance and fabric to be cut sewn more easily allows and improving wear and easy care properties.
11.Hydrogen peroxide:Hydrogen peroxide create the prime role in bleach wash technique.In alkaline medium,hydrogen peroxide breaks up and give some per hydroxide ion ,which discolor the coloring materials and as a result fading affect is developed.Hydrogen peroxide is used in scouring,bleaching bath for whit and ready for dyeing for gray fabric garments. It is used also neutralized the garments from alkaline condition.
12.Stabilizer: Hydrogen peroxide is work a good condition at temperature above 90 degree c. when temperature rise to 90 degree c than break the hydrogen peroxide .Stabilizer is used to protect break the hydrogen peroxide and works in bath smoothly.
Pre-treatment of fabric before dyeing or printing
To produced fabric wheather dyed or printed pretraetment of those fabrics before dyeing and printing.
1. Singeing: It is the process of burning out projecting hairy fibers from surface of the grey fabric by passing the fabric through a gas flame.Both side of the fabric is burnt out by the flame.It help in subsequent chemical process of the fabric.After dyeing or printing of singed fabric,brightness and luster of the color and fabric become better.
1. Singeing: It is the process of burning out projecting hairy fibers from surface of the grey fabric by passing the fabric through a gas flame.Both side of the fabric is burnt out by the flame.It help in subsequent chemical process of the fabric.After dyeing or printing of singed fabric,brightness and luster of the color and fabric become better.
2.Desizing: It is the process of removing starch materials present in the gray fabric.Generally enzyme is used to degrade and remove thr strach present in the grey fabric.If those sie materials are not remove from thr gray fabric then the subsequent chemical treatment on the fabric will be irregular.Which will cause the defective dyeing and printing.
3. Scouring: It is the process of removing natural impurities present in the cotton fiber.The natural impurities are pectins,pectose,,ash,wax,mineral compounds etc materials.If those impurities present in the cotton fibers are not removed, then it will be difficult to dye or print the fabric uniformly.Normally caustic soda and soda ash is used as main reagent for scouring of cotton fabric.
4. Blaeching: It is the process of removing natural coloring matters present in the cotton fiber.For this purpose,hydrogen peroxide,bleaching powder or other bleaching agent are used.Hydrogen peroxide is the best and most comonly used bleaching agent. If this bleaching treatment is not carried out before dyeing or printing then the color yield and shade matching may be great problem
5.Mercerization:It is a special chemical pretreatment on cotton fabric to improve the properties and performance of cotton fabric.The cotton fabric is treated under tension in the 20% caustic soda solution which is called mercerization.
Dye staffs
There are varies types of dye staffs present in the market in different brand name by different company.All the dye staffs are classified according to their application which are briefly discussed bellow
1.Direct dye: These dye staffs are generally sodium salt of sulphonic acid.They have direct affinity to cellulose fiber.They are water soluble and needs salt addition in the dye bath,should be applied at alkaline or neutral condition.Poor fastness to wash but cheaper.
2.Basic dye: These are generally ammonium,sulphonium or auxonium salt, famous for bright shade,water soluble and application on cotton and other cellulose fiber and leather.
3. Acid dye: Chemically acid dyes belong to varies sub class such as nitro,noiroso,monoazo,diazo,xanthane,azine,quinoline,etc.They are water soluble and have affinity to wool,silk, and nylon fiber.They are applied to the fibers through neutral or acid dye bath
4.Mordant dyes: They are the oldest natural dyes.They have affinity to textile but can be applied to cellulose or protein fiber when they have been mordented previously with metallic salt. These dye staffs are capable of combining with metallic oxides to form insoluble color on the fiber.
5.Sulphur dyes: These are complex organic compounds containing sulpher . They are insoluble in water but soluble under reduce condition. They are usually applied at cotton for cheaper shades,have high wet fastness but poor light fastness.
6.Azoic dyes: These are not ready made dyes.Fiber are firstly impregnated with a coupling component like nepthol and then combined With a diazotised to produce insoluble dye staffs in to the fiber.Their main use on cotton but also can be silk and fur.
7.Vat dyes: They are very fast color on cotton and insoluble in water. They are reduced by strong reducing agent to produce in leuco-vat and this stage they are soluble in water.After impregnation they are again oxidized to their original insoluble form.
8. Reactive dyes: These dye staffs directly combined with cellulose by chemical bonding that is covalent bonds are produced.They have excellent wash fastness.Mainly used on cotton,can also be applied on wool,silk,and nylon.Dyeing is carried out a neutral bath but fixation is carried out in an alkaline bath.
9. Disperse dyes: These dye staffs are very suitable for synthetic fiber for example polyester,nylon,acrylic,cellulose acetate etc. High temparature dyeing methods are suitable for these dye staffs but carrier dyeing method can also be applied.
Introduction of pumic stone
Pumic Stone: The pumic stone are the perforated stones,produced from volcanic explosion.At first these stone are soft but when become cold.it become the stone with rough surface.Pumic stones float on water.Pumic stone come from Indonesia and turkey.Indonesian stone color is slightly brown and turkey stone is white color.Pumic stone are available in three size that is small 2-3 cm, medium 3-5 cm, and large size 5-7 cm.Two or three times can be used are pumic stone.Every bag contain 22 kg to 25 kg
The act of pumic stone during garments washing
During different garments washing like stone wash,acid wash,stone enzyme wash etc. Pumic stone are used to create irregular shading affect on garments.The pumic stones at brushing action on the garments fabric surfaces.The area where more brushing action take place,there more fading or discolor affect will be developed and the areas where less brushing action takes place,there less discolor affect will be developed.The multi layer fabric areas like collar,cuff, pocket,placket,side seam etc areas will be brushed more than the single layer side.As a result irregular fadding is developed in the garments by the action of pumic stones.
Acid wash
It is normally done the garments form heavy fabric like denim course canvas,sweeter and thick knit/ twill etc.During acid wash pumic stone are used.By the action of pumic stones,irregular fadding affect is developed on the heavy garments like denims,thick knite,canvas, twill, sweeter.The pumic stones act a brushing action on the garments fabric surface The area where moe brushing action take place where mor discolor or fadding affect is developed and the area where less brushing action takes place less brushing action and take place less fadding affect will be developed.The multi- layer fabric areas like coller, cuf,pocket,placket,side seam etc are areas will be brushed more affect will be developed on the garments fabric